China UPVC Window Engineering Factory
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If you want to create exclusive windows and improve the quality of your home’s sound insulation, heat insulation, energy saving, safety, and anti-theft, “glass selection”, which accounts for 70% of windows, is a major focus . There are hundreds of types of glass. In addition to choosing according to different needs, there are also different ways of combining glass. You get what you pay for, and good quality of glass is also very important, including the fineness, impurities, manufacturing difficulty, and even tolerances and clarity of glass made with very professional technology and knowledge, so here are some glass The selection method allows us to know better what kind of glass we should choose and how to use it in window repair or construction projects.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WINDOWS AND GLASS - THE IMPORTANCE OF GLASS
In recent years, glass technology has been increasingly innovative, and the uses of glass are also very diverse. It is not only the lifeblood of windows, but also plays an important role in sound insulation, heat insulation, strong wind resistance, etc. Therefore, it is important to choose the corresponding glass according to the living needs of different regions. When choosing UPVC doors and windows, you must know how to choose glass specifications that meet your needs. Next, we will focus on glass types, characteristics, manufacturing, etc., and even how to apply glass to UPVC doors and windows? We will go through them one by one. Explain clearly.
COMMON TYPES OF GLASS FOR UPVC DOORS, WINDOWS, AND SOUNDPROOF WINDOWS
There are many types of glass classifications and combinations. Commonly used glasses for UPVC doors and windows are simply distinguished:
- Generally common single-layer glass
- Processing of bonded glass
- Special material processing glass
COMMONLY USED SINGLE-LAYER GLASS FOR UPVC DOORS AND WINDOWS - SIMPLE UNDERSTANDING AND EASY CHOICE
Single-layer window glass can be divided into three types: ordinary glass, tempered glass, and hardened glass.
General open glass:
Common ordinary glass is floating open plate glass. The molten glass is poured into a vat of high-temperature molten tin. It floats on the surface of the molten tin tank through gravity and the tension of the glass itself. The glass floats to the tin surface and forms naturally. The smooth surfaces on both sides slowly cool and grow into strips before leaving the tin vat. Then it enters the cooling tank to make both sides of the glass smooth and even, and the ripples are reduced.
The original color of glass is greenish, and colored formulas can be added during the glass production process to make the glass have a variety of colors and become “colored glass”. Colored glass can absorb part of the radiant heat from the sun and then slowly dissipate the heat. It is also generally called heat-absorbing glass. Depending on the depth of the color, it can block about 40-60% of solar radiation heat and maintain part of the lighting effect. Appropriate use can also increase the beauty and atmosphere of indoor and outdoor rooms. This kind of glass is often widely used in automobiles and architectural glass, but its thermal insulation effect is limited. The advantage is low cost.
tempered glass:
Strengthened glass is to heat flat glass to 630~650℃ (close to the softening point) and quickly cool it on the glass surface, so that the glass surface has compressive stress, while the central layer has tensile stress. The tensile stress generated by the external pressure of the glass is offset by the strong compressive stress of the glass, making the use of glass safer.
Tempered glass is made by heating and cooling quickly. The disadvantage is that because the stress within the glass needs to be balanced, if there is any damage or cracks on the tempered glass, the entire piece of glass will break into pieces the size of a fingernail. However, because it will break into small pieces without sharp corners, it is relatively safer, but you also need to be careful in handling. Strengthened glass is easily scratched, so the cutting and polishing of the glass must be done before the strengthening process to avoid cracking during the glass manufacturing process.
| tempered glass | hardened glass | |
|---|---|---|
| production | rapid cooling | cool slowly |
| strength | The strength is about 5 times that of ordinary glass. | The strength is about 2 times that of ordinary glass. |
| destroy | When damaged by external force, it becomes particles as big as beans, reducing damage. | Heat-treated reinforced glass breaks into large fragments. |
| characteristic | Can withstand rapid temperature changes (for example, 5mm tempered glass can withstand temperature changes of approximately 200 degrees Celsius). | Glass strengthened by heat treatment cannot be cut, drilled, edged, sandblasted, acid etched, etc. |
| self-destruct | Because tempered glass has the risk of instantaneous breakage, it should be heat-dipped to ensure safer use. | Compared with tempered glass, heat-treated tempered glass is less likely to break naturally |
| application | Cars, trains, ships, buildings, furniture, automatic doors, escalators, fireplaces, etc. | Construction, automatic doors, elevators, etc. |
| size | Thickness: 3~19mm | Thickness: 4~10mm |
| Maximum size: 3000mm*8000mm | Maximum size: 3000mm*8000mm |
WINDOW GLASS-SOUND INSULATION AND HEAT INSULATION MULTIPLE OPTIONS
Multi-layer window glass can be commonly divided into (laminated glass, laminated glass, special insulated glass)
Laminated glass-window sound insulation must use:
A plastic resin sound-insulating film such as PVB film is sandwiched between two or more pieces of glass (general glass or tempered glass). It is glued under high temperature and high pressure to reduce frequency vibration and achieve enhanced sound insulation effect. The PVB film in the middle of the glass not only enhances the sound insulation effect, but also sticks to prevent it from flying apart when the glass breaks, reducing the risk. The sound insulation difference of laminated glass is about 30~40dB or more depending on the thickness chosen.
Laminated glass can be matched with different glass thicknesses to achieve different levels of sound insulation. Common glass thicknesses (unit: mm) are 3, 5, 6, 8, and 10. There are different combinations according to the grooves of UPVC doors and windows, such as 5+5, 5+8, 5+8+5. At the same time, the glued film can also be changed into single-layer film, double-layer film, four-layer film, sound insulation film, etc.
Advantages of laminated glass
- Excellent sound insulation. Through the combination of different media and multiple layers, the sound vibration is reduced to achieve the sound insulation effect of glass.
2. It has excellent safety . Laminated glass can also be called safety glass. We know that after the tempered glass is broken, it will form into large particles. Generally, if the glass breaks, it will be easy to get cut. However, if you use a piece of tempered glass with a piece of ordinary glass, it will not break when it breaks. The glass can be adsorbed by the adhesive film, greatly reducing the risk of splashing, cuts and breakage.
3. High-efficiency energy-saving building materials . The interlayer film has the function of reducing infrared rays (hot wires) in sunlight. If paired with energy-saving glass, it can greatly reduce the indoor temperature. Rising, saving the operating consumption and electricity usage of air-conditioning equipment, and increasing the comfort of the living environment.
Composite glass-UPVC doors and windows for cold and heat insulation
It is composed of two or more layers of glass. The glass and sealing strips are bonded and sealed with a high-airtight composite adhesive around them. The hollow layer in the middle is filled with dry gas or inert gas to make it difficult for sound to transmit. The frame is filled with desiccant. , to prevent moisture and condensation. The thicker the hollow layer, the better the sound insulation effect is, and it can also effectively block the transmission of temperature to achieve energy saving effects. The sound insulation difference of laminated glass is about 27~33dB or more depending on the thickness selected.
Double-layered glass originated from high-latitude countries such as Europe and Japan. It is designed as a bridge between snowy cold outdoor and indoor heating. Its main function is to isolate the difference between indoor and outdoor degrees, rather than sound insulation effect. At the same time, it also improves the penetration of heat radiation. Special insulating glass, such as Low-e, Low-r glass and other products are required to truly reduce the total heat energy penetration.
Advantages of laminated glass
- Excellent heat-insulating green building materials. When paired with heat-insulating glass, it has a very good heat-blocking effect. It has the thermal “bridge breaking principle” and is widely used in cold climate countries.
2. It has partial sound insulation effect . Compared with single-layer glass, double-layer glass can isolate the sound transmission through the principle of middle air layer.
3. The intermediate gas and desiccant can prevent fogging . Filling the desiccant through the molecular sieve with holes in the middle can extend the service life and prevent fogging.
SPECIAL MATERIAL GLASS - THE FIRST CHOICE FOR HEAT INSULATION OF UPVC DOORS AND WINDOWS
Reflective glass:
Using the vacuum sputtering method in a vacuum chamber, one or more layers of metal compound films are sputtered on the surface of the glass to produce one or more layers of uniform metal oxide or nitride films that directly reflect solar radiation and make the room insulated. It generates heat energy and can save energy due to its high thermal insulation performance and high thermal insulation performance. It is mostly widely used in glass curtains or office buildings.
Reflective glass advantages
- Because of its high thermal insulationand low cost, it is widely used in construction projects or in the east/west exposed areas of buildings.
2. It can prevent direct sunlight and give indoor residents a sense of comfort , while indoor visible light is softer.
3. It has a mirror effect , reflecting outdoor visible light, and has a concealing effect during the day.
The disadvantages are:
1. It is easy to cause pollution to the environment . The reflectivity is too high during the day, which will cause serious light damage to the surroundings due to direct reflection of sunlight.
2. It is easy to see indoors from the outside at night , and the mirror layer will reflect inward, causing privacy issues.
Low-E glass uses vacuum sputtering to sputter multiple layers of coatings of different materials on the glass surface. Among them, the silver plating layer has a high reflective function for infrared light, that is, high thermal resistance; the plating layers are tin dioxide SnO2 (top layer to protect the whole) -> nickel chromium alloy NiCr (protective silver plating layer) -> silver plating layer (functional layer) -> Tin dioxide SnO2 (increased light transmittance) uses the above-mentioned multi-layer coating method to meet the requirements of high light transmittance, low reflectivity, high thermal resistance, environmental protection and energy saving that modern architectural glass focuses on, and the color is natural because of good lighting. Therefore, it can reduce the use of indoor lamps and save energy. It blocks the intrusion of a large number of heat sources and makes the room cool, thereby achieving the effect of keeping warm in winter and cool in summer. The disadvantage is that because Low-E glass is surface-coated, it needs to be placed inside or inside the laminated glass. It is used in conjunction with laminated glass to avoid exposure to air, which may lead to aging, wear and failure of the coating, and is also expensive.
All-weather tips: Low-E glass manufacturing process is divided into online/offline:
Hard/online/online coating sprays tin salt-based liquid metal or metal powder directly onto the surface of hot glass during the cooling process of float glass. As the glass cools, a single layer of tin oxide with low radiation function is integrally formed. (SnO2) film, becoming part of the glass.
1. Chemical deposition method (pure silver is difficult to form at high temperatures)
2. Single layer, glue, and multiple layers can be used
3. Not easy to oxidize and can be stored
The soft/offline/offline coating vacuum sputtering method is to evenly plate metal silver (Ag) and other metals and metal compounds with extremely low emissivity on the metal surface in a vacuum environment after the glass is strengthened. It is composed of functional film layer (pure silver film) and protective film (two-layer metal oxide film).
1. Vacuum sputtering method
2. Thermal insulation is better than online
3. Only laminated glass can be used
4. Easily oxidized and difficult to store
All-weather tips: Low-E glass can be divided into single silver, double silver and three silver according to the number of layers. The more layers, the better the reflection effect. Basically, there are many prices on the market that are lower than the heat insulation rate of single silver. Better glass, so to achieve better results, it is recommended to use double silver Low-E or above, which is the truly effective choice, but the relative technical difficulty and price are relatively high.
SPECIAL PATENTED INSULATING GLASS:
Low-R glass (Radiation) refers to low direct solar radiation. Taiwan is a tropical area, so heat insulation is important, so Low-R glass should be selected. In cold areas, Low-E glass is used for “warmth preservation”. Thermal insulation materials added to the glass process can block 99.9% of ultraviolet rays and more than 95% of infrared rays, while still leaving visible light, so you don’t need to turn on the lights during the day!
Uplus sun protection and insulating glass is different from traditional Low-E glass. Uplus combines nano-transparency of ceramic insulating raw materials with laminated glass film, using the laminated glass process to achieve excellent light transmittance, low reflection, efficient heat insulation and proximity 100% UV blocking. Because it does not contain metal components, there will be no oxidative decay that affects the thermal insulation ability, making it safer to use for a longer period of time. It is environmentally friendly, energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and is a new generation product in the trend of green buildings.
COMPARISON TABLE OF INSULATING GLASS OF VARIOUS MATERIALS:
| glass type | Transparent glass(5mm) | Colored glass(5mm) | Reflective glass(6mm) | Single silver Low-E glass (5mm) | LowR glass(5mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat transmission coefficient U value (unit W/m 2 k) | 5.45 | 5.45 | 4.7699999999999996 | 4.0999999999999996 | 5.75 |
| Price (the actual price is based on the quotation) | low price | Slightly higher clear glass | medium price | high price | Slightly lower than Low-E |
| Thermal penetration (shading coefficient SC value) | 0.95 | 0.73~0.78 (color difference) | 0.66 | 0.7 | 0.57999999999999996 |
| Transmittance (visible light rate) | 89% | 51%~77% (color difference) | 50% | 69% | 68% |
| Remarks: 1. The smaller the heat transmission coefficient, the better the heat insulation capability. 2. The smaller the shielding coefficient, the less energy that blocks the entry of external heat energy. 3. Visible light rate represents the amount of light energy passing through. The higher it is, the closer it is to the original brightness. 4. The key to building thermal penetration rate RHG=(SC*630)+(U*7.8) is that SC value accounts for 90% and U value accounts for 10%. | |||||
As shown in the table above, in terms of single-layer insulation effect, LOW-R has the best effect (for building heat penetration, the radiant heat SC value accounts for 90% + 10% of the heat conduction U value). According to the home environment, To effectively achieve window energy saving, heat insulation can be achieved by combining different sunshade methods, by installing blinds, curtains and heat insulation film (paper), etc. However, in addition to the limited thermal insulation effect of adding blinds or curtains, it may also It will cause the problem of insufficient indoor light; when installing thermal insulation film (paper), you must consider that there are many products on the market, and the quality, light transmittance, durability and price are also very different, so you must make more comparisons when purchasing.
| Product name | Sound insulation performance | Optical properties | Total insulation rate | Air conditioning power saving | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STC value | visible light | UV rays penetrate % | SC shading coefficient | ||||
| Penetration rate % | Reflectivity% | ||||||
| 5 light + 5 light laminated glass | ≧37db | 78 | 8 | <1 | 0.91 | 20.83 | X |
| 5 lowe+5 light insulation laminated glass | ≧37db | 75 | 9 | <1 | 0.72 | 37.36 | less than 6% |
| Ceramic Nano Sunscreen Insulating Glued Glass | ≧38db | 43.3 | 5 | 0.1 | 0.49 | 57.37 | greater than 18% |
| 5 Gray+UVIR+5 Light Glued | |||||||
Heat transfer methods can be divided into three types: thermal radiation, thermal conduction and thermal convection. The most important thing for window glass is to resist thermal radiation and thermal conduction. Thermal convection is not a solid part and will not be discussed for now. Let’s focus on the thermal conduction and thermal radiation of glass. In terms of total penetration into indoor RHG, the effect of Low-E glass is actually not the best, but the newer technologies Low-R and Uplus glass introduced in recent years. The light transmittance is also a very important key, because no matter what The color of each thermal insulation material will be affected by the visual light transmittance of the thermal insulation material, just like the car windshield. Therefore, a truly good thermal insulation material can take into account both visual beauty and high-efficiency thermal insulation rate. This can be used as UPVC doors and windows. Basis for glass selection.
WINDOW GLASS PRICE REFERENCE
We all know that glass, which accounts for 70% of windows, is very important. The thicker the glass, the more expensive it is. Therefore, areas of the house that do not require sound insulation or waterproofing do not necessarily have to be equipped with the highest configuration, but areas that seriously affect the quality of life, such as For western exposure and sound insulation issues in the room, you can upgrade the glass selection, such as adding sound insulation film or heat-insulating glass to the glass, and thickening the wind-exposed glass to strengthen the protection. The cost will be increased according to this need. Pay attention to the glass of the window. UPVC windows are a very important factor, so spending on glass is worth choosing and considering.
| Glass function | glass type | glass thickness | Price range |
|---|---|---|---|
| generally | Single layer tempered clear glass | 5, 6, 8, 10mm...etc. | 40~120 yuan/person |
| Contains basic colors such as plaid, begonia flower...etc. | |||
| Single layer tempered tinted glass | 5, 6, 8, 10mm...etc. | 50~140 yuan/person | |
| Common colors include green, tea, gray, black...etc. | |||
| Sound insulation | double laminated glass | 5+5, 5+8, 6+8, 10+10 mm...etc. | 90~350 yuan/person |
| Laminated glass includes several layers of PVB film (0.38, 0.76, 1.14...), whether the glass is strengthened or not, whether it needs a sound insulation film with heat insulation effect... etc. | |||
| Triple laminated glass | 5+5+5, 5+6+5, 5+8+5, 6+8+6, 8+5+8 mm...etc. | Special glass costs more than 200 or 300 yuan per unit | |
| It can contain several layers of PVB film at the same time, whether the glass is strengthened or not, whether it is a sound insulation film with heat insulation effect...etc. | |||
| Thermal insulation, energy saving, safety glass | Low-E, Low-R, Uplus...etc. insulating glass | Single layer: 5, 8, 10 mm...etc. | Prices range from more than 200 yuan per layer for a single layer to 1,000 yuan per layer for gluing. |
| Gluing: 5+5, 8+8 mm…etc. | At the same time, it can contain several layers of PVB film or metal coating, whether the glass is strengthened or not, whether it is a sound insulation film with heat insulation effect...etc. | ||
| laminated glass | 5+Air+5、6+Air+6 mm…etc | Special glass costs from over 300 yuan to 1,000 yuan per piece. | |
| At the same time, you can choose whether to strengthen the glass, whether to install anti-theft grid, whether the air layer contains inert gas, desiccant or vacuum...etc. |
GLASS CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND MATERIALS (INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, TECHNOLOGIES, SILICONE, GLASS PROCESSING, ETC.)
The price of UPVC doors and windows will be affected by the difficulty of construction and the glass. In wet construction, usually the glass or inner frame will be installed after the final paper removal is completed. If the difficulty of the dry construction increases, it will also be reflected in the price, for example, the glass is too heavy. If the film is too large, it will require the use of a hanging machine or pipeline routes, air-conditioning locations, glass cutting costs, etc. The relative difficulty and labor hours will increase, and the price range here will be very vague.
Window glass installation is a labor-intensive part. It is usually distinguished according to working hours, manpower allocation and difficulty. It usually costs several thousand yuan. Furthermore, the most important use of silicone in UPVC windows will also affect the price, including the use of silicone. Brand, quantity, method, etc. Some will use maybe 20 or 30 silicone pills, but there will also be a method that uses 200 silicone pills. The price ranges from 30 yuan to 200 yuan each. The effect is different, but We can ask about the price in advance so that we can find a suitable manufacturer to cooperate with.